Note: Autodesk no longer supports offline activation for 2021 products and later. If you have a perpetual license, you can activate your software by going online only once. After you activate online, you can continue to use 2021 software and later offline. This change doesn't apply to subscription network licenses or previous versions that you already activated offline. You can continue to use them as before.
Request codes are necessary only if you have perpetual license software and need an activation code to manually activate software on a computer with no Internet access. Generating a request code is the first step in the process of manually activating your Autodesk software.
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Note: Request codes and manual activation are required only for perpetual license software. You need a valid serial number and product key to generate a request code for your perpetual license software. You don't need a request code for subscription software or to access your software online using a serial number and product key.
You see the screens for generating a request code in the product activation wizard only if your computer isn't connected to the Internet. If your computer has an active Internet connection, the software will assume you want to activate online, and it won't display the screens for a request code.
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For example, installing AutoCAD 2021 as a single product requires product key 001M1, but installing AutoCAD 2021 from the AutoCAD Design Suite Premium 2021 requires product key 768M1. Make sure you use the correct product key for the Autodesk product and version you are installing. Entering an incorrect product key will result in activation errors.
Note: Please ensure you are using the correct product key for the Autodesk product and version you are installing. Entering an incorrect product key will result in activation errors for that product.
It is important to ensure you are using the correct product key for your Autodesk product and version. Entering an incorrect product key will cause activation errors and you will be unable to use your Autodesk software.
Abstract:DNA replication in eukaryotes is achieved by the activation of multiple replication origins which needs to be precisely coordinated in space and time. This spatio-temporal replication program is regulated by many factors to maintain genome stability, which is frequently threatened through stresses of exogenous or endogenous origin. Intra-S phase checkpoints monitor the integrity of DNA synthesis and are activated when replication forks are stalled. Their activation leads to the stabilization of forks, to the delay of the replication program by the inhibition of late firing origins, and the delay of G2/M phase entry. In some cell cycles during early development these mechanisms are less efficient in order to allow rapid cell divisions. In this article, we will review our current knowledge of how the intra-S phase checkpoint regulates the replication program in budding yeast and metazoan models, including early embryos with rapid S phases. We sum up current models on how the checkpoint can inhibit origin firing in some genomic regions, but allow dormant origin activation in other regions. Finally, we discuss how numerical and theoretical models can be used to connect the multiple different actors into a global process and to extract general rules.Keywords: DNA replication; replication checkpoint; intra-S phase checkpoint; ATR; Chk1; MBT; initiation rate; numerical; theoretical models
178. Kuru E, Radkov A, Meng X, Egan A, Alvarez L, Dowson AD, Booher G, Breukink E, Roper D, Cava F, Vollmer W, Brun YV, VanNieuwenhze MS. 2019. Mechanisms of incorporation for D-amino acid probes that target peptidoglycan biosynthesis. ACS Chemical Biology 14, 2745-2756.
177. Hsu YP, Booher G, Egan AJF, Vollmer W, VanNieuwenhze MS. 2019. D-amino acid derivatives as in situ probes for visualizing bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Accounts of Chemical Research 52, 2713-2722.
176. Wood TE, Howard SA, Förster A, Nolan LM, Manoli E, Bullen NP, Yau HCL, Hachani A, Hayward RD, Whitney JC, Vollmer W, Freemont PS, Filloux A. 2019. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa T6SS delivers a periplasmic toxin that disrupts bacterial cell morphology. Cell Reports 29, 187-201.
174. Peters K, Pazos M, VanNieuwenhze MS, Vollmer W. 2019. Optimized protocol for the incorporation of FDAA (HADA labeling) for in situ labeling of peptidoglycan. Bio-protocol 9(15): e3316.
171, Tomatsidou A, Koutsioulis D, Tzamarias D,Kokkinidis M, Vollmer W, Bouriotis V. 2019. Role of the putative polysaccharide deacetylase BA1836 from B. anthracis in spore development and germination. Advances in Microbiology 9, 679-702.
170. Jutras BL, Lochhead RB, Kloos ZA, Biboy J, Strle K, Gray J, Booth CJ, Govers SK, Vollmer W, Bockenstedt LK, Steere AC, Jacobs-Wagner C. 2019. Borrelia burgdorferi peptidoglycan is a persistent antigen in patients with Lyme arthritis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 116, 13498-13507.
168. Yang DC, Blair KM, Taylor JA, Petersen TW, Sessler T, Tull CM, Leverich C, Collar AL, Wyckoff TJ, Biboy J, Vollmer W, Salama NR. 2019. A genome-wide Helicobacter pylori morphology screen uncovers a membrane spanning helical cell shape complex. Journal of Bacteriology 201(14): e00724-18.
167. Banzhaf M*, Yau HCL*, Verheul J*, Lodge A, Kritikos G, Mateus A, Hov AK, Stein F, Wartel M, Pazos M, Solovyova AS, Savitski MM, den Blaauwen T#, Typas A#, Vollmer W#. 2019. The outer membrane lipoprotein NlpI nucleates hydrolases within peptidoglycan multi-enzyme complexes in Escherichia coli. bioRxiv, doi: [* Contributed equally; # corresponding authors]
166. Mueller EA, Egan AJF, Breukink E, Vollmer W, Levin PA. 2019. Plasticity of Escherichia coli cell wall metabolism promotes fitness and antibiotic resistance across environmental conditions. eLife 8:e40754.
165. Rausch M, Deisinger JP, Ulm H, Müller A, Li W, Hardt P, Wanf X, Li X, Sylvester M, Engeser M, Vollmer W, Müller CE, Sahl HG, Lee JC, Schneider T. 2019. Coordination of capsule assembly and cell wall biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus. Nature Communications 10(1):1404.
164. Billini M, Biboy J, Kühn J, Vollmer W, Thanbichler M. 2019. A specialized MreB-dependent complex mediates the formation of stalk-specific peptidoglycan in Caulobacter crescentus. PLOS Genetics 15(2):e1007897.
163. Morè N, Martorana AM#, Biboy J#, Otten C, Winkle M, Gurnani Serrano CK, Silva AM, Atkinson L, Yau H, Breukink E, den Blaauwen T, Vollmer W*, Polissi A*. 2019. Peptidoglycan remodeling enables E. coli to survive severe outer membrane assembly defect. mBio 10(1):e02729-18. [# Contributed equally; * corresponding authors]
162. Maya-Martinez R, Alexander A, Otten C, Ayala I, Vollmer D, Bougault C, Burt A, Laguri C, Fonvielle M, Arthur M, Strynadka N, Vollmer W, Simorre JP. 2019. Recognition of peptidoglycan fragments by the transpeptidase PBP4 from Staphylococcus aureus. Frontiers in Microbiology 9:3223.
161. Karinou E, Schuster CF, Pazos M, Vollmer W, Gründling A. 2019. Inactivation of the monofunctional peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase SgtB allows Staphylococcus aureus to survive in the absence of lipoteichoic acid. Journal of Bacterioloy 201(1):e00574-18.
160. Bougault C, Ayala I, Vollmer W, Simorre JP, Schanda P. 2019. Studying intact bacterial peptidoglycan by proton-detected NMR spectroscopy at 100 kHz MAS frequency. Journal of Structural Biology 206, 66-72.
109. Johnston C, Bootsma HJ, Aldridge C, Manuse S, Gisch N, Schwudke D, Hermans PWM, Grangeasse C, Polard P, Vollmer W, Claverys J-P. 2015. Co-inactivation of GlnR and CodY regulators impacts pneumococcal cell wall physiology. PLOS One 10(4):e0123702. 2ff7e9595c
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